That makes it a language feature, and the value is chosen to make likely approaches to implementation feasible, including CPython’s.
I agree that if it is part of the language specification it does not need to be in sys.int_info. Then all conforming implementations need to implement it, without exception (other than the out-of-memory kind). 64-bit CPython builds are already there, but it raises the bar for builds that can only do 31-bit indexing internally.