If you want to introspect variables while your script runs, I recommend VS Code’s debugging tool. If you want an interactive session and a plain old REPL shell isn’t enough, I recommend VS Code’s notebook feature.
(Incidentally, the Downloads folder is probably not a very good place to keep code that you’re developing…)
You should be able to type something like that directly into the Terminal window in VSCode. Maybe there is a way to configure it to do that automatically, but I don’t know how (I don’t use any IDE). It sounds like more trouble than it’s worth; you’d have to close the REPL explicitly every time before you could re-run the script (otherwise, the IDE would be sending that command line into the REPL, which would fail because it isn’t valid Python code).