String conversion

Python Help
1

I am sorry. This is too basic.

In the following lines of code.

message = 'This is the message.  It will be repeated.'
print(sys.stderr, 'sending "%s"' % message)
sock.sendall(message)

I got the following error.

sock.sendall(message)
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

Q: how to convert “message” into string ?

2

It is a string. You don’t want a string. You want a bytes-like object. You can make message into bytes by prepending the string with b:

message = b'This is the message.  It will be repeated.'
3

I tried

message = b'This is the message.  It will be repeated.'

It works.

5

And it you don’t want, or cannot modify the given str, you can use str.encode to give you the bytes message.encode().

3 Likes
6

Printing str(sys.stderr)' makes no sense in the context of your question. If you want to print to stderr, this should be print(‘sending “%s”’ % message, file=sys.stderr)`.