You say this as if there’s a difference between int('123', base=10) and int('01110011', base=2) - but there isn’t. Both of them give back the integer 123. At that point, there’s no distinguishing between them.
You could design a “string of digits” class that behaves in this way, but it would be much more string-like than int-like.
Because your proposal has limited use cases, can be done by other means, and would mean that int objects had to increase in size, I’m afraid there’s realistically no way it would be accepted.